Image Credit:
Bethel AME Church (Doris K. Wylie Hoskins Collection, Museum of the Grand Prairie, Mahomet, IL)

Explore the Trail

Discover over 170 years of African American history in Champaign County. From historic churches to self-made individuals, you’ll discover powerful stories of African Americans and the rich history of building community in Champaign County.

Note: Trail stops with a physical location will include this icon next to their title below. Please note that some of these locations will have markers specific to this project or the history recognized on this website, while others do not. Tour participants are encouraged to refer to this website as they explore stops on the trail.

The historical references currently provided are a small sampling of what will be included on the Champaign County African American Heritage Trail. The organizing committee is currently curating additional significant historical events, places, and people that will be featured as the Trail continues to be developed.

Wiley & Frances Jones

Wiley & Frances Jones

Home of Jacob Earnest

Home of Jacob Earnest

Homer High School

Homer High School

Homer Park

Homer Park

The Smith Family of Broadlands

The Smith Family of Broadlands

The Gaines Family of Ayers Township

The Gaines Family of Ayers Township

Frederick Douglass’ Visit to Champaign

Frederick Douglass’ Visit to Champaign

Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church

Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church

African Americans and the Illinois Central Railroad

African Americans and the Illinois Central Railroad

Salem Baptist Church

Salem Baptist Church

St. Luke Christian Methodist Episcopal (C.M.E.) Church

St. Luke Christian Methodist Episcopal (C.M.E.) Church

Albert R. Lee

Albert R. Lee

William F. Earnest American Legion Post 559

William F. Earnest American Legion Post 559

North First Street Corridor, Champaign

North First Street Corridor, Champaign

Douglass Park and Douglass Center

Douglass Park and Douglass Center

Champaign Public Library Douglass Branch

Champaign Public Library Douglass Branch

The J.C. Penney Boycott and Picketing Campaign

The J.C. Penney Boycott and Picketing Campaign

Student Demonstrations for Equal Rights

Student Demonstrations for Equal Rights

Skelton Park

Skelton Park

Lawhead School

Lawhead School

Carver Park

Carver Park

Dr. Ellis Subdivision

Dr. Ellis Subdivision

Dr. Martin Luther King Subdivision

Dr. Martin Luther King Subdivision

The Bruce D. Nesbitt African American Cultural Center

The Bruce D. Nesbitt African American Cultural Center

The Presence of the "Divine 9" at the University of Illinois

The Presence of the

William Frank Earnest

William Frank Earnest

Former Chanute Air Force Base and the 99th Pursuit Squadron

Former Chanute Air Force Base and the 99th Pursuit Squadron

Special Educational Opportunities Program (also known as Project 500)

Special Educational Opportunities Program (also known as Project 500)

Walter T. Bailey and the Colonel Wolfe School

Walter T. Bailey and the Colonel Wolfe School

The Ellis Drive Six and School Integration

The Ellis Drive Six and School Integration

Black Businesses in Urbana

Black Businesses in Urbana

African American Elected Officials

African American Elected Officials

Early Achievements in Homer & Southeastern Champaign County

Early Achievements in Homer & Southeastern Champaign County

Black Cowboys in Southeastern Champaign County

Black Cowboys in Southeastern Champaign County

Homer G.A.R. Cemetery

Homer G.A.R. Cemetery

Sergeant Allen A. Rivers, Sr.

Sergeant Allen A. Rivers, Sr.

Edward A. Green

Edward A. Green

African American Civil War Burials and Mt. Hope Cemetery

African American Civil War Burials and Mt. Hope Cemetery

Emancipation Day Celebrations

Emancipation Day Celebrations

University of Illinois Alumni

University of Illinois Alumni

African Americans in the Civil War

African Americans in the Civil War

Cecil Dewey Nelson, Sr.

Cecil Dewey Nelson, Sr.

Booker T. Washington School

Booker T. Washington School

The Underground Railroad in Savoy

The Underground Railroad in Savoy
809 N. Fifth Street, Champaign, IL

St. Luke Christian Methodist Episcopal (C.M.E.) Church

Located at 809 N. Fifth Street in Champaign, St. Luke C.M.E. Church was established in 1901, making it the third-oldest historically African American congregation in Champaign County. Originally located on Eads Street in Urbana and called St. Luke Tabernacle Colored Methodist Episcopal Church, it was renamed in 1954 to Christian Methodist Episcopal. The church moved to its current location in 1914.

605 N. Walnut, Champaign, IL

Image credit: Albert R. Lee, The Albert R. Lee Collection, University of Illinois Archives, Urbana, IL; The Albert Lee House, c. 1978, Digital Collection, University of Illinois Library, Resource # IHA00170, Urbana, IL

Albert R. Lee

Albert R. Lee was born on June 26, 1874, on a farm outside of Champaign, Illinois. He attended the University of Illinois in 1894, and in 1895 he became the second African American hired at the university. He started as a messenger, but then became the clerk for the Office of the President. Lee served under six university Presidents. At a time when African Americans were not allowed to live on campus, he took it upon himself to assist them with housing and maneuvering through school, becoming known as the unofficial Dean of African American Students.

704 N. Hickory St, Champaign, IL

Image credit: Experience Champaign-Urbana (Marcus Flinn)

William F. Earnest American Legion Post 559

African Americans from Champaign County fought bravely, and died, in World War I. Those who served did so with courage, honor, and distinction. Many of those who returned home found community and services at the William F. Earnest American Legion Post 559. Originally located at Fifth and Hill Streets, the Post is now located at 704 N. Hickory in Champaign. It was chartered in 1932 by African American World War I veterans and named for a fallen comrade who was a University of Illinois student-athlete from Homer, Illinois. Earnest served as a sergeant in the all-Black 370th Infantry Regiment from Illinois. One of the columns at Memorial Stadium also bears his name. The founding members of Post 559 were Clifford Caldwell, Robert H. Earnest (brother of William F. Earnest), Dr. L.P. Diffay, Dr. Henry Ellis, Alvin Foxwell, Raymond Hines, Thomas Macklin, Cecil D. Nelson, and George Ray.

North First St., Champaign, IL

Image credit: North First Street and University Avenue, 1926, Champaign County Historical Archives at The Urbana Free Library, Urbana, IL

North First Street Corridor, Champaign

North First Street Corridor is the oldest business district in Champaign, dating to the 1850s. A triangular area that originally included East Main Street, University Avenue, and the first two blocks of North First Street, it bordered an integrated working-class neighborhood called Germantown.

510-512 E. Grove St., Champaign, IL

Image credit: Left: Douglass Center, c. late 1940s, Champaign County Archives, Urbana Free Library, Urbana, Illinois │ Right: Douglass Center, Courtesy of Champaign Park District

Douglass Park and Douglass Center

The Park and Center are named for the great African American orator and abolitionist, Frederick Douglass. In 1941, the Douglass Community Service Committee began an effort to raise funds for a new complex, to be built on two empty lots. Ground broke in 1944 and the Center was completed in 1946. The Center held classes in art, music, and sewing, among other activities. Athletics included adult softball, baseball, basketball, track, and tennis. The Center hosted many social events. One of the groups that brought national recognition to the Center was its Drum and Bugle Corps and Drill Team. In 1975, 200 residents protested the decision by the Park Board to demolish the old Douglass Center and replace it with a new gym. The group advocated for the old Center to be replaced with a new, full-service, comprehensive Center. After much discussion between the community and the Park Board, the “old” Center was torn down and a new Center was constructed. It opened on December 12, 1976. In March 1978, the Douglass Annex opened with a focus on senior citizens, and in 1997 the Douglass Branch Library moved into its current site.

101 E. Washington St., Champaign

Image credit: Experience Champaign-Urbana

Skelton Park

Skelton Park, a pocket park at the corner of N. First Street and E. Washington Street, is designed to pay homage to Champaign County's history of locally, nationally, and internationally recognized African American musicians.

15 E. Main Street, Champaign, IL

Image credit: An image of the Penney Picketing Campaign, 1961. Photo by Gene Suggs as a staff photographer for the Urbana Courier.

The J.C. Penney Boycott and Picketing Campaign

During the 1950s and 1960s, African Americans fought for equal opportunity in employment across the nation. In Champaign-Urbana, the Champaign-Urbana Improvement Association (CUIA) was founded to demand greater job opportunities for African Americans, resulting in one of the most influential local civil rights victories known as the J.C. Penney Boycott.

Marker at the SW corner of Green St. and Wright St.

Image credit: University of Illinois Archives

Student Demonstrations for Equal Rights

Despite increasing numbers of African Americans matriculating into the University of Illinois in the 1930s and 1940s, discrimination was rampant on campus and in Campustown. Black students were prohibited from eating in dining halls and local eateries, forcing many students to walk 30 minutes each way for meals in the North End, Champaign-Urbana’s African American neighborhood.

504 E. Grove St., Champaign

Image credit: Champaign Public Library Douglass Branch

Champaign Public Library Douglass Branch

The Douglass Center Library was organized in 1970 to serve both Urbana and Champaign, a joint project of the two cities’ libraries, Lincoln Trail Libraries System, and the Champaign Park District. The Library was named for Frederick Douglass, the American abolitionist and journalist who escaped from slavery and became an influential lecturer — including at least one stop in Champaign.

408 E. Grove St., Champaign, IL

Image credit: Champaign County Historical Archives, The Urbana Free Library

Lawhead School

Harriet J. Lawhead School, built in 1907, was a small, four-room building. During its early years, it served German and Italian immigrants in the neighborhood. As African Americans moved into the area, the school was integrated for a period of time, but by the 1940s it was attended only by Black students. White children who lived in the area were sent to Columbia School. During World War II, two rooms in the basement of the school were used as a Servicemen’s Club, organized by community members for African American soldiers who were not welcomed in the USO at Chanute Field. The school was closed in 1952, prior to the opening of the new Booker T. Washington School and razed in 1990. It is now a parking lot.

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